designed by
-=GeRoY=-
design
group

grmaster@yandex.ru

Knowledge about human health and disease is sum of the contributions of a large number of disciplines, classified as basic sciences, clinical sciences and population medicine. The basic sciences (e.g., biochemistry, phisiology, microbiology) are primarily sited in laboratories; clinical activities are carried out in hospitals, and population medicine in the community. Tuberculosis provides a good illustration of the three different approaches to the same disease. The basic sciences are concerned with tubercle bacilli; the clinical sciences with the tretment of tuberculosis in the individual, and population medicine with prevention and control of tuberculosis in the community. All these approaches are highly interrelated.
In different settings, population medicine is referred to as hygiene, public health, preventive medicine, social medicine or community medicine. All these share common ground in their concern for promotion of health and prevention of disease. Terms like preventive medicine, social medicine, community medicine and hygiene are used as synonyms for public health. The Hygiene is the important subject in medical univercity.

The word "hygiene" is derived from Hygiene, the goddes of health in Greek mythology. She is represented as a beautiful woman holding in her hand a bowl from which a serpent is drinking. In Greek mythology, the serpent testifies the art of healing which symbol is retained even today. Hygiene is defined as "the science of health and embraces all factors which contribute to healthful living".
Purpose of Hygiene is to allow man to live in healthy relationship with his environment. The subject of Hygiene is to discover the factors of the environment influencing the person's organism, to determine the character and the way of the influence of concrete factors; to determine the effect of the influence. The main task of Hygiene is to make the development of a person's organism more absolute, his life -more strong and to make his withering less quick, also to make his death more remote. Hygiene responds the needs of the individual

from birth to death, which includes promotion and protection of the community.
The scope of Preventive medicine covers the promotion of health through higher standard of living viz. Nutrition, housing, working conditions, healthy growth and development. Environment is reservoir for the agents of diseases, so healthy environment is a common need of all people, and there must be adjustment between the man and environment, the aim of hygiene is to minimize the health problem.
The widely accepted definition of health is that given by the World Health Organization (1948) in the preamble to its constitution,
which is as follows
"Health is state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity"

1. Nutritional Hygiene is a science of feeding the body to ensure its optimal development and maintenance and proper operation of its physiological function. Food is the external factor for development and growth of the body (body building and energy producing). Its material either agricultural origin or manufactured, used in the raw state or more often after considerable processing to provide the nutritional needs of man.

2. Occupational Hygiene is concerned with the detection,
measurement and evaluation of physical and chemical factors in the work
environment, and the planning and implementation of measures to
improve that environment. This is important branch of preventive
medicine. It deals with, protection of the health of the worker. The
environment at the place of work should be healthy and free from
any harmful agents as far as possible.

3. Environmental Hygiene. The environment is the aggregate of
all external and internal conditions and influences affecting the life
and development of an organism, human behaviour or society. It can
be divided into physical, biological, cocial, cultural etc., any or all of
which can influence health status of population. This part of General
Hygiene includes environmental sanitation. The WHO defines
environment sanitation as " control of all those factors in man's
physical environment which exercise or may exercise a deleterious
effect on his physical development, health and survival".

The students should understand the methods and principles of Hygiene, the relation betwen man and his environment. The enviromental factors: physical (e.g. tevperature, moisture and polution), biological (e.g. bacteria and virus), chemical and social factors (e.g. economy), the impact of housing, water supply, foods, lighting, soil on health and diseases.